@Article{OrsiniAlAmYoBaRa:2020:TrExRa,
               author = "Orsini, Jose Antonio Marengo and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and 
                         Ambrizzi, Tercio and Young, Andrea and Barreto, Naurinete de Jesus 
                         da Costa and Ramos, Andrea M.",
          affiliation = "{Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Centro Nacional de 
                         Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET)}",
                title = "Trends in extreme rainfall and hydrogeometeorological disasters in 
                         the Metropolitan Area of S{\~a}o Paulo: a review",
              journal = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "xx",
                pages = "1--16",
             keywords = "climate extremes, natural disasters, climate change, disaster risk 
                         reduction, metropolitan area, S{\~a}o Paulo.",
             abstract = "Our paper reviews recent progress in the study and understanding 
                         of observed trends in extreme rainfall events in the Metropolitan 
                         Area of S{\~a}o Paulo (MASP). These are discussed in relation to 
                         hydrometeorological hazards that trigger natural disasters, such 
                         as flash floods, landslides, and droughts, that affect the 
                         population and local economies. A review of the most updated 
                         literature on rainfall and extremes in the MASP shows a 
                         significant increase in the total volume of rainy-season rainfall 
                         during the last seven decades. While there were practically no 
                         days with heavy rain (more than 50 mm) in the 1950s, these days 
                         have been occurring two to five times a year in the last 10 years. 
                         This, together with the inappropriate occupation of risky areas, 
                         such as slopes and banks of watercourses, leads to inundation, 
                         flooding, and landslides. Changes in extremes can be partly due to 
                         natural climate variability but can also be related to global 
                         warming and/or urbanization. There is ample evidence of an 
                         increasing risk of rainfall-related hazards in the MASP. This is 
                         particularly so for landslides in vulnerable areas. Exposure will 
                         continue to lead to risk increases. This calls for significant 
                         improvement in climate and disaster risk reduction and management 
                         efforts in the MASP region.",
                  doi = "10.1111/nyas.14307",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14307",
                 issn = "0077-8923",
                label = "lattes: 9415435965900811 5 MarengoAlAmYoBaRa:2020:TrExRa",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Marengo_trends.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}